Abstract
In this paper we report the design of a laser micrometer for undulator gap measurement studies. In this scheme, the parallel light emerging from the rotating polygon mirror passes through an F-theta lens makes a vertical line on the image plane. When an object intercepts the line, the interrupted and the uninterrupted light is detected in a DSO through a detector. The beam spot size and the linear velocity of the beam spot on the scan line are the two important parameters of the laser micrometer. The beam spot size measurements show that it is constant along the scan line for a number of RPMs. It measures a constant value at ±3 mm to the effective focal length of the F-theta lens. The measurements are verified for two types of objects i.e. solid object and a circular hole and also for an electromagnet undulator. The electromagnet undulator is measured with an accuracy of 3–5 µm.
Keywords
Laser micrometer; Undulator; Measurement
1. Introduction
In a free electron laser [1], [2], [3] and [4] the relativistic electron beam propagation along the length of the undulator, executes transverse oscillations and emit radiation in the presence of a collinear propagating laser beam. The undulator [5], [6], [7], [8] and [9] is the key component of the FEL device which facilitates the energy exchange of the relativistic electron beam and the radiation. The undulator is the periodic arrangement of several dipole magnets arranged in Halbach configuration. In the standard method, the undulator is a uniform gap undulator and the energy exchange is limited due to detuning of the resonance between the electron beam and the radiation. The electron beam radiates and consequently slows down causing of the detuning. In order to prolong the resonant interaction between the beam and the radiation, the schematic of tapered undulator [10] and [11] has been proposed. In this scheme, the undulator parameter is varied along the length of the undulator by varying the undulator gap along the length of the undulator. In the schematic of the step-tapered scheme, it has been possible to operate FEL in two color configuration with enhance gain and efficiency. The precise measurement of the undulator gap and the tapering profile along the length of the undulator is an important issue in the design of the uniform gap and tapered free electron laser. In this paper we report the design of the laser micrometer for application of undulator gap measurement studies. The laser micrometer [12], [13], [14], [15], [16] and [17] is a non-contact gap measurement device where a laser light is focused on to the facets of rotating polygon mirror. The light emerging from the polygon mirror passes through the F-theta lens and falls on an object. If the object is a hole Fig. 1a, then it allows the light to pass through it and produces a pulse shape on the detector. The voltage recorded on the DSO verses time gives precise measurement of the gap. On the other hand if the object is a solid Fig. 1b, then it does not allow the passing of light and depending on the interrupted light it produces a dip in the pulse size on the detector. In the recent paper [12] Roma et al. described in detail the mechanical layout of the laser micrometer setup and applied successfully for magnet size measurements. In this paper we studied two important parameters of the laser micrometer, the linear velocity of the spot in the scan line and the spot size of the scan line. In Section 2, we present the optical design and measurement results with two types of objects i.e. solid and a hole. The analysis is aimed at the performance of the laser micrometer. In Section 3, the result and discussion are presented with reference to an electromagnet undulator.Abstract
In this paper we report the design of a laser micrometer for undulator gap measurement studies. In this scheme, the parallel light emerging from the rotating polygon mirror passes through an F-theta lens makes a vertical line on the image plane. When an object intercepts the line, the interrupted and the uninterrupted light is detected in a DSO through a detector. The beam spot size and the linear velocity of the beam spot on the scan line are the two important parameters of the laser micrometer. The beam spot size measurements show that it is constant along the scan line for a number of RPMs. It measures a constant value at ±3 mm to the effective focal length of the F-theta lens. The measurements are verified for two types of objects i.e. solid object and a circular hole and also for an electromagnet undulator. The electromagnet undulator is measured with an accuracy of 3–5 µm.
Keywords
Laser micrometer; Undulator; Measurement
1. Introduction
In a free electron laser [1], [2], [3] and [4] the relativistic electron beam propagation along the length of the undulator, executes transverse oscillations and emit radiation in the presence of a collinear propagating laser beam. The undulator [5], [6], [7], [8] and [9] is the key component of the FEL device which facilitates the energy exchange of the relativistic electron beam and the radiation. The undulator is the periodic arrangement of several dipole magnets arranged in Halbach configuration. In the standard method, the undulator is a uniform gap undulator and the energy exchange is limited due to detuning of the resonance between the electron beam and the radiation. The electron beam radiates and consequently slows down causing of the detuning. In order to prolong the resonant interaction between the beam and the radiation, the schematic of tapered undulator [10] and [11] has been proposed. In this scheme, the undulator parameter is varied along the length of the undulator by varying the undulator gap along the length of the undulator. In the schematic of the step-tapered scheme, it has been possible to operate FEL in two color configuration with enhance gain and efficiency. The precise measurement of the undulator gap and the tapering profile along the length of the undulator is an important issue in the design of the uniform gap and tapered free electron laser. In this paper we report the design of the laser micrometer for application of undulator gap measurement studies. The laser micrometer [12], [13], [14], [15], [16] and [17] is a non-contact gap measurement device where a laser light is focused on to the facets of rotating polygon mirror. The light emerging from the polygon mirror passes through the F-theta lens and falls on an object. If the object is a hole Fig. 1a, then it allows the light to pass through it and produces a pulse shape on the detector. The voltage recorded on the DSO verses time gives precise measurement of the gap. On the other hand if the object is a solid Fig. 1b, then it does not allow the passing of light and depending on the interrupted light it produces a dip in the pulse size on the detector. In the recent paper [12] Roma et al. described in detail the mechanical layout of the laser micrometer setup and applied successfully for magnet size measurements. In this paper we studied two important parameters of the laser micrometer, the linear velocity of the spot in the scan line and the spot size of the scan line. In Section 2, we present the optical design and measurement results with two types of objects i.e. solid and a hole. The analysis is aimed at the performance of the laser micrometer. In Section 3, the result and discussion are presented with reference to an electromagnet undulator.
บทคัดย่อในเอกสารนี้ เรารายงานการออกแบบของเลเซอร์ไมโครมิเตอร์สำหรับการศึกษาการประเมินช่องว่าง undulator ในโครงร่างนี้ แสงขนานที่เกิดขึ้นจากการหมุนรูปหลายเหลี่ยมกระจกผ่านผ่านเลนส์ F ทีตาทำให้เส้นแนวตั้งบนรูปเครื่องบิน เมื่อวัตถุคเกอร์ดักบรรทัด การถูกขัดจังหวะและแสงอย่างต่อเนื่องมีการตรวจพบใน DSO ที่ผ่านเครื่องตรวจจับความ ขนาดการรับแสงและความเร็วเชิงเส้นของคานบนเส้นแกนมีสองพารามิเตอร์ที่สำคัญของไมโครมิเตอร์เลเซอร์ วัดขนาดจุดแสงแสดงว่า เป็นค่าคงที่ตามแนวแกนจำนวน RPMs มันวัดค่าคงที่ที่± 3 มม.เพื่อประสิทธิภาพความยาวโฟกัสของเลนส์ F ทวินเบด มีการตรวจสอบการวัดสำหรับวัตถุสองชนิดวัตถุทึบเช่นและรูวงกลม และยังมี undulator electromagnet วัด electromagnet undulator แม่นยำ 3-5 µmคำสำคัญเลเซอร์ไมโครมิเตอร์ Undulator วัด1. บทนำIn a free electron laser [1], [2], [3] and [4] the relativistic electron beam propagation along the length of the undulator, executes transverse oscillations and emit radiation in the presence of a collinear propagating laser beam. The undulator [5], [6], [7], [8] and [9] is the key component of the FEL device which facilitates the energy exchange of the relativistic electron beam and the radiation. The undulator is the periodic arrangement of several dipole magnets arranged in Halbach configuration. In the standard method, the undulator is a uniform gap undulator and the energy exchange is limited due to detuning of the resonance between the electron beam and the radiation. The electron beam radiates and consequently slows down causing of the detuning. In order to prolong the resonant interaction between the beam and the radiation, the schematic of tapered undulator [10] and [11] has been proposed. In this scheme, the undulator parameter is varied along the length of the undulator by varying the undulator gap along the length of the undulator. In the schematic of the step-tapered scheme, it has been possible to operate FEL in two color configuration with enhance gain and efficiency. The precise measurement of the undulator gap and the tapering profile along the length of the undulator is an important issue in the design of the uniform gap and tapered free electron laser. In this paper we report the design of the laser micrometer for application of undulator gap measurement studies. The laser micrometer [12], [13], [14], [15], [16] and [17] is a non-contact gap measurement device where a laser light is focused on to the facets of rotating polygon mirror. The light emerging from the polygon mirror passes through the F-theta lens and falls on an object. If the object is a hole Fig. 1a, then it allows the light to pass through it and produces a pulse shape on the detector. The voltage recorded on the DSO verses time gives precise measurement of the gap. On the other hand if the object is a solid Fig. 1b, then it does not allow the passing of light and depending on the interrupted light it produces a dip in the pulse size on the detector. In the recent paper [12] Roma et al. described in detail the mechanical layout of the laser micrometer setup and applied successfully for magnet size measurements. In this paper we studied two important parameters of the laser micrometer, the linear velocity of the spot in the scan line and the spot size of the scan line. In Section 2, we present the optical design and measurement results with two types of objects i.e. solid and a hole. The analysis is aimed at the performance of the laser micrometer. In Section 3, the result and discussion are presented with reference to an electromagnet undulator.Abstractในเอกสารนี้ เรารายงานการออกแบบของเลเซอร์ไมโครมิเตอร์สำหรับการศึกษาการประเมินช่องว่าง undulator ในโครงร่างนี้ แสงขนานที่เกิดขึ้นจากการหมุนรูปหลายเหลี่ยมกระจกผ่านผ่านเลนส์ F ทีตาทำให้เส้นแนวตั้งบนรูปเครื่องบิน เมื่อวัตถุคเกอร์ดักบรรทัด การถูกขัดจังหวะและแสงอย่างต่อเนื่องมีการตรวจพบใน DSO ที่ผ่านเครื่องตรวจจับความ ขนาดการรับแสงและความเร็วเชิงเส้นของคานบนเส้นแกนมีสองพารามิเตอร์ที่สำคัญของไมโครมิเตอร์เลเซอร์ วัดขนาดจุดแสงแสดงว่า เป็นค่าคงที่ตามแนวแกนจำนวน RPMs มันวัดค่าคงที่ที่± 3 มม.เพื่อประสิทธิภาพความยาวโฟกัสของเลนส์ F ทวินเบด มีการตรวจสอบการวัดสำหรับวัตถุสองชนิดวัตถุทึบเช่นและรูวงกลม และยังมี undulator electromagnet วัด electromagnet undulator แม่นยำ 3-5 µmคำสำคัญเลเซอร์ไมโครมิเตอร์ Undulator วัด1. บทนำIn a free electron laser [1], [2], [3] and [4] the relativistic electron beam propagation along the length of the undulator, executes transverse oscillations and emit radiation in the presence of a collinear propagating laser beam. The undulator [5], [6], [7], [8] and [9] is the key component of the FEL device which facilitates the energy exchange of the relativistic electron beam and the radiation. The undulator is the periodic arrangement of several dipole magnets arranged in Halbach configuration. In the standard method, the undulator is a uniform gap undulator and the energy exchange is limited due to detuning of the resonance between the electron beam and the radiation. The electron beam radiates and consequently slows down causing of the detuning. In order to prolong the resonant interaction between the beam and the radiation, the schematic of tapered undulator [10] and [11] has been proposed. In this scheme, the undulator parameter is varied along the length of the undulator by varying the undulator gap along the length of the undulator. In the schematic of the step-tapered scheme, it has been possible to operate FEL in two color configuration with enhance gain and efficiency. The precise measurement of the undulator gap and the tapering profile along the length of the undulator is an important issue in the design of the uniform gap and tapered free electron laser. In this paper we report the design of the laser micrometer for application of undulator gap measurement studies. The laser micrometer [12], [13], [14], [15], [16] and [17] is a non-contact gap measurement device where a laser light is focused on to the facets of rotating polygon mirror. The light emerging from the polygon mirror passes through the F-theta lens and falls on an object. If the object is a hole Fig. 1a, then it allows the light to pass through it and produces a pulse shape on the detector. The voltage recorded on the DSO verses time gives precise measurement of the gap. On the other hand if the object is a solid Fig. 1b, then it does not allow the passing of light and depending on the interrupted light it produces a dip in the pulse size on the detector. In the recent paper [12] Roma et al. described in detail the mechanical layout of the laser micrometer setup and applied successfully for magnet size measurements. In this paper we studied two important parameters of the laser micrometer, the linear velocity of the spot in the scan line and the spot size of the scan line. In Section 2, we present the optical design and measurement results with two types of objects i.e. solid and a hole. The analysis is aimed at the performance of the laser micrometer. In Section 3, the result and discussion are presented with reference to an electromagnet undulator.
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