while the twigs and roots of Gongronema latifolium (utazy) were purchased from Ika-Ika Qua
market in Calabar, Cross River State. The roots and stems were thoroughly washed to remove debris and the earth remains. From these the barks were divested and chopped into bits and allowed to dry under shade. The twig and root of G. latifolium were equally washed and chopped into bits and allowed to dry under shade. The dried samples were differently blended into fine powder using a Q-link electric blender Model QBL-18L40, and stored in air-tight containers.