The host-plant resistance gene BPH2, which conferred resistance to BPH, was widely incorporated in elite rice cultivars, and was well-cultivated in many Asian countries as a favorable gene resource in rice breeding against BPH33. The BPH resistance gene BPH26 was found in the O. sativa L. ssp. indica cultivar ADR52 and mapped on the rice chromosome 12. In the present study, map-based cloning of the BPH resistance gene BPH26 showed that BPH26 is identical to BPH2 on the basis of DNA sequence analysis and feeding ability of the BPH2-virulent biotype of BPH.