In this article, we have defined proactivity as a way of behaving, and therefore acknowledge
the role of both individual difference variables (e.g., personality) and situational forces (job design)
in shaping this type of action. Early research on the topic of proactivity, however, conceived of it as
a stable, dispositional variable. From this view point, ‘proactive personality’ refers to an individual
who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces, and who effects environmental change
(Bateman & Crant, 1993). This concept assumes proactive individuals are proactive across multiple
contexts and over time, regardless of the contingencies of a situation. Whilst this personality
approach is valid, we prefer to focus on proactive actions within a particular context, recognizing
that proactive behavior is shaped not only by one’s overarching personality, but by one’s
motivation in a particular context.
In this article, we have defined proactivity as a way of behaving, and therefore acknowledge
the role of both individual difference variables (e.g., personality) and situational forces (job design)
in shaping this type of action. Early research on the topic of proactivity, however, conceived of it as
a stable, dispositional variable. From this view point, ‘proactive personality’ refers to an individual
who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces, and who effects environmental change
(Bateman & Crant, 1993). This concept assumes proactive individuals are proactive across multiple
contexts and over time, regardless of the contingencies of a situation. Whilst this personality
approach is valid, we prefer to focus on proactive actions within a particular context, recognizing
that proactive behavior is shaped not only by one’s overarching personality, but by one’s
motivation in a particular context.
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