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Of concern is the effect of total fat, especially saturated fat, on insulin sensitivity in persons with diabetes. Epidemiologic data and clinical trials have reported that long-term higher total fat intake results in greater whole-body insulin resistance.34,35 Although not as well studied in persons with diabetes, reducing saturated fat has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity.36,37 The impact of long-term intake of saturated fatty acids on insulin resistance is important because as people with diabetes decrease their intake of carbohydrate, they increase their fat intake, especially of saturated fat.