In the present study, pigment in acid-modified IC powder provided enough contrast against the tested background substrates for effective visualization. From the results, acid-modified IC powder was able to interact with different fingermark constituents and produced distinct ridge details on the examined surfaces Moreover, it can develop aged fingermarks with clear ridge detail that were up to 7 days old on non-porous surfaces as well as fingermarks that were submerged in water up to 72 h. The reason for the adherence of acid-modified IC powder to fingermark residue can be related by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl and carbonyl group of the powder and the fatty acids or glycerides of sebum. Design of Experiment was used to statistically compare the quality of acid-modified IC powder and Sirchie® black powder developed natural fingermarks on writing paper and plastic substrates. However, the results of DOE show that the quality and sensitivity of IC powder were lower than Sirchie® black powder. Future research will be focused on creating acid-modified IC powder with smaller particle size. Besides that, factors such as temperature, water pH, water flow velocity will be considered for fingermarks that are submerged in water.