Enzyme Activity Assay. Mannanase, xylanase, and CMCase activities were determined according to the modi- fied methods of Araujo and Ward [15], Bailey et al. [16], and Miller [17], respectively. Briefly, the modified dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent was employed without the presence of phenol and sodium sulfite. In addition, potassium sodium tartrate was not added separately. The substrates were dis- solved in buffers without heating. The incubation time of crude enzyme with substrate was 60 minutes, and 2 mL of DNS reagent was added to stop the reaction. The test tubes were boiled for 5 minutes and cooled under running ice water for another 5 minutes. Standard references were plotted for mannose, xylose, and glucose, and the absorbance was read using a spectrophotometer at 540nm. The reducing sugars were used as criterion to calculate enzyme activity. The specific enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates reducing sugar in mol per min per mg protein under assay conditions.