due to increased concentrations of androstenone, skatole, and indole (EFSA, 2004).
Physical castration of male piglets is common to
avoid boar taint in pork and to prevent problematic behavior of intact male pigs. Usually, castration of male
piglets is performed surgically by producers without local or general anesthesia (Prunier et al., 2006).
However, while it is considered to be very effective
at controlling boar taint; it also has several drawbacks
including reduced feed efficiency and carcass leanness.
Physical castration without anesthesia has been