SPECS ESCA system
at Middle East Technical University, Central Laboratory (Ankara, Turkey), with Mg/Al dual mode was used for the surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analyzer of spectrometer was EA 200 hemispherical electrostatic energy analyzer equipped with multichannel detector (MCD) with 18 discrete channels, operated in the constant pass energy mode. Unmonochromatized Mg-Kα radiation was used as the X-ray source; X-ray gun was operated at 10.0 kV, 20.0 mA. For excitation of Pb on quartz, Ta on quartz and Pb on Ta coated quartz, 176.0 W, 5.0 W and 1.0 W energies were used, respectively. Spectrometer was operated in constant analyzer energy (CAE) mode. Pressure of analyzer chamber was kept in between 10−8 and 10−9 Torr. Atomic compositions were estimated using SpecsLab software.