The ice concentration estimates are evaluated against image
analyses in the SAR image space. In other words, each image
analysis sample point is compared with the ice concentration of
its nearest SAR image pixel. The mean error Esgn, the mean
absolute error EL1, and the error standard deviation Estd are
calculated for evaluation purposes using
Esgn =mean(ICCNN − IA) (5a)
EL1 =mean (|ICCNN − IA|) (5b)
Estd =std(ICCNN − IA) (5c)
where ICCNN denotes the estimated ice concentration, and
IA denotes the image analysis. The evaluation results for all
training, validation, and testing for all rounds of the leave-oneout
experiment are shown in Table I.