We would like to suggest that, beyond these separate critiques, what is missing is a set of organizing principles for an alternative to the New Public Management. We reject the notion that the reinvented, market-oriented New Public Management should only be compared to the old public administration. which, despite its many important contributions, has come to be seen as synonymous with bureaucracy, hierarchy, and control. If that is the comparison, the New Public Management will always win. We would like to suggest instead that the New Public Management should be contrasted with what we term the “New Public Service,” a set of ideas about the role of public administration in the governance system that places citizens at the center.