presents the means and standard deviations
for the PSRS, PSS, and MFAS scores of the participants in
both the experimental and control groups on both pre-test
and 2-week post-test. Group comparisons of the pre-tests
on the three target scales did not achieve statistical
significance.
A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to
examine the group effect, time effect, and group by time
interactions of PSRS, PSS, and MFAS, respectively (Table 3).
No significant group by time interaction was found for PSS
and MFAS, indicating the differences between the pre-test
and post-test PSS and MFAS scores for the groups were not
significant. These results indicate that music listening did
not significantly influence perceived global life stress and
maternal—fetal attachment.
The interaction of group and time on PSRS was significant:
F(1,294) = 6.01, (p = 0.02). In other words, the differences
between pre-test and post-test PSRS scores, respectively,
for the experimental group and the control group were significant.
Fig. 2 illustrates the group by time interaction for
PSRS. Significant differences between the two groups were
observed in 2 of the 5 dimensions of PSRS: D2 ‘‘stress from
baby care and changing family relationships’’ (p < 0.05) and
D3 ‘‘stress from maternal role identification’’ (p = 0.05).
No significant differences between the two groups were
observed in the other 3 dimensions of ‘‘Stress from seeking
safe passage for mother and child,’’ ‘‘Stress from social
support seeking,’’ and ‘‘Stress from altered physical appearance
and function