Though these externalities hold for all modalities, the magnitude of these external costs may differ considerably per modality. Government expenditures on mobility can be considered as external costs as long as the user does not (or only partly) take these into account in his or her mobility decision. Only if the government charges the user directly for the costs, these costs are internalised. These expenditures include construction and maintenance of infrastructure (including facilities for the environment and traffic safety such as noise barriers and wild life viaducts), traffic duties of police and justice, other government activities (for instance license registration et cetera), public transport subsidies and other transport related government expenditures.