As Frederick Taylor understood quiet well, observing workers as they perform their work provide rich information about the tasks involved. Observation may include videotaping, audiotaping, and even electronic monitoring. Physical measurements of activities performed, such as measuring objects that must be moved, and descriptions of how equipment is operated often require some observation of the job as it’s being performed. Through observation of a “filler” in the original Ben & Jerry’s Homemade ice-cream factory, an observer could learn that this job involved two basic tasks. At a time when hand-filled pints of ice-cream were unusual in the industry, the filler job at Ben & Jerry’s required holding a pint container under a pipe that exuded ice-cream and then pulling the pint away at just the moment it was filled, At the same time the filler moved another container under the pipe. As the second container filled, the other hand was used to print a production code on the bottom of the filled container and slide it along a table to the next work station. Fillers did this over and over again, all day long