Afterwards, the crude extracts were centrifuged for 25 min at 4500 rpm with a Hettich Rotina 420R centrifuge (Hettich, Tuttlingen, Germany) and supernatants were filtered through 25 mm Nylon™ syringe filters with a pore size of 0.2 μm (Markus Bruckner Analysentechnik, Linz, Austria). The crude extracts were stored in the dark at 4 °C prior to use.