In this work, I tried to improve the efficiency and performance of the sand filter with a
simple low cost method. This work successfully reported an alternative for the traditional
biological sand filter which was considered as a time consuming filter. Miswak and TiO2
were added to the filter and their effects were observed. Three filters were designed (SF-1,
SF-2, and SF-3). The results of this work indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) was
reduced by 47.54%, 90.94%, and 95.47% in case of SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3, respectively.
Moreover, the total suspended solids (TSS) removal % reached to 98.05% for both SF-1 and
SF-2. Also, the total organic carbon (TOC), surfactants (SUR), biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD), and total bacterial count were reduced when SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3 were used.
Copyright 2015, Beni-Suef University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open
access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
In this work, I tried to improve the efficiency and performance of the sand filter with asimple low cost method. This work successfully reported an alternative for the traditionalbiological sand filter which was considered as a time consuming filter. Miswak and TiO2were added to the filter and their effects were observed. Three filters were designed (SF-1,SF-2, and SF-3). The results of this work indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) wasreduced by 47.54%, 90.94%, and 95.47% in case of SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3, respectively.Moreover, the total suspended solids (TSS) removal % reached to 98.05% for both SF-1 andSF-2. Also, the total organic carbon (TOC), surfactants (SUR), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), and total bacterial count were reduced when SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3 were used.Copyright 2015, Beni-Suef University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an openaccess article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
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