Boycott goods and services of target states.
South Africa was boycotted for apartheid policy in 1970s and 1980s; exports of dual-use technologies were prohibited to Iraq, Iran, Syria, Libya, North Korea, Sudan in the 1990s and after because of their support of terrorism; air links with Libya were canceled 1992-99 because of its support of terrorism.
Sanction one or all products of target state.
Iraq was forbidden to sell oil internationally 1991-2003 as punishment for the 1991 Gulf War; U.N. sanctions were imposed against Haiti 1990, 1993-94 to try and overthrow the military government there; Arab League has imposed sanctions on Israel since 1948.