1. The strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity of existing
concrete columns can be simultaneously enhanced significantly
by constructing additional ferrocement cage including
steel bars.
2. Due to the occurrence of much more cracks in the mortar layer
of FS confined columns, the ductility of FS confined columns is
obviously higher than those of BM or FRP confined columns.
3. The proposed formula can be used for predicting the ultimate
load of FS confined columns satisfactorily