properties:
The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material
Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface
The electric field just outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface
On an irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest (that is, at sharp points)
Property 1
The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting
material
Consider if this were not true
If there were an electric field inside the conductor, the free charge there would move and there would be a flow of
charge
If there were a movement of charge, the conductor would not be in equilibrium
Property 2
Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface
A direct result of the 1/r2 repulsion betweenlike charges in Coulomb’s Law
If some excess of charge could be placed inside the conductor, the repulsive forces would push them as far apart as possible, causing them to migrate to the surface
Property 3
The electric field just outside a charged conductor is erpendicular to the conductor’s surface
Consider what would happen if this was not true
The component along the surface would cause the
charge to move
It would not be in equilibrium
Property 4
On an irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at
locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest
(that is, at sharp points)
The forces from the charges at the sharp end produce a larger resultant force away from the surface
Why a lightning rod works
properties: The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface The electric field just outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the conductor’s surface On an irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest (that is, at sharp points) Property 1 The electric field is zero everywhere inside the conducting material Consider if this were not true If there were an electric field inside the conductor, the free charge there would move and there would be a flow of charge If there were a movement of charge, the conductor would not be in equilibrium Property 2 Any excess charge on an isolated conductor resides entirely on its surface A direct result of the 1/r2 repulsion betweenlike charges in Coulomb’s Law If some excess of charge could be placed inside the conductor, the repulsive forces would push them as far apart as possible, causing them to migrate to the surface Property 3 The electric field just outside a charged conductor is erpendicular to the conductor’s surface Consider what would happen if this was not true The component along the surface would cause the charge to move It would not be in equilibrium Property 4 On an irregularly shaped conductor, the charge accumulates at locations where the radius of curvature of the surface is smallest (that is, at sharp points) The forces from the charges at the sharp end produce a larger resultant force away from the surface Why a lightning rod works
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