he research instrument pretest was initially performed with information system professors to improve face validity. Three professors evaluated understanding, wording, and question- naire layout in this phase. Next, three information security specialist were invited to evaluate the research instrument. As a result of these evaluations, five items were removed, seven items were reworded to increase understanding, and the questions were reordered. Finally, eleven information sys- tems researchers were invited to access, read, and comment on the questionnaire's electronic form. The layout was then modified to improve the questionnaire's appearance.