2. Divisional cost of capital Divisional cost of capital refers to the การแปล - 2. Divisional cost of capital Divisional cost of capital refers to the จีน วิธีการพูด

2. Divisional cost of capital Divis

2. Divisional cost of capital Divisional cost of capital refers to the problem of estimating the required return for a project, for example, a division of a firm, when no data regarding the market price of risk for the division are available. Divisional cost of capital is the hurdle rate that, when used as the minimum required rate of return in evaluating projects, will ensure that shareholder wealth is increased by investing in positive net present value projects. Block (2003) notes that, ‘‘to the extent that divisions in a corporation have degrees of risk and financial characteristics that are different from the parent corporation, using the overall corporate hurdle rate is certain to lead to incorrect decisions and failure to maximize stockholder wealth’’ (p. 345). Bower and Jenks (1975) have demonstrated the potentially serious adverse effects of ignoring the differential risks of divisions when utilizing hurdle rates. The importance of estimating divisional cost of capital was made clear in a Financial Management (see Ang, 1989) panel session featuring financial executives from several large firms. According to Jack A. Gunn, ‘‘We at Southwestern Bell find the idea and the notion of divisional cost of capital very appealing’’ (p. 20). Estimation of divisional cost of capital takes on added importance for firms that are subject to cost of capital regulation. For the purposes of this research, divisional cost of capital is taken to be part of a larger concern: determining the cost of equity capital for any firm or division of a firm without publicly traded equity. For example, estimation of the rate of return for a private firm for the valuation purposes is a related problem of interest. Similarly, a company may wish to price the equity risk of a single profit center, plant, or product using accounting data. Consider the statement of Bruce Dannenburg, then of Digital Equipment Corporation, in the Financial Management panel session cited above: ‘‘You can clearly see that there is a drastic need in the real world for divisional hurdle rates. In fact...there is a need not only for divisional hurdle rates but for project specific hurdle rates as well’’ (p. 23). The techniques examined herein are potentially applicable to all of these situations, although as a practical matter there are often non-systematic factors which must be considered whenvaluing private equity interests. When the market price of equity is observable, several accepted approaches exist to estimate cost of equity capital; however, the CAPM is the most widely used. In the CAPM, firm betas are estimated from market returns, and the expected return for each firm is computed from the firm beta using the security market line. Fama and French (2003) state that the two most widely used practical applications of the CAPM are the
estimation of cost of equity capital and portfolio performance evaluation. Because of its widespread acceptance and ease of implementation, the CAPM is selected as the risk-return benchmark model for these tests. One drawback is that all of our tests become essentially joint tests of the cluster method and the CAPM, and if the method is rejected, we cannot be certain if it is because the cluster methodology is not useful or because the CAPM is not a sufficiently accurate description of the risk-return relationship.
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ผลลัพธ์ (จีน) 1: [สำเนา]
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2. Divisional cost of capital Divisional cost of capital refers to the problem of estimating the required return for a project, for example, a division of a firm, when no data regarding the market price of risk for the division are available. Divisional cost of capital is the hurdle rate that, when used as the minimum required rate of return in evaluating projects, will ensure that shareholder wealth is increased by investing in positive net present value projects. Block (2003) notes that, ‘‘to the extent that divisions in a corporation have degrees of risk and financial characteristics that are different from the parent corporation, using the overall corporate hurdle rate is certain to lead to incorrect decisions and failure to maximize stockholder wealth’’ (p. 345). Bower and Jenks (1975) have demonstrated the potentially serious adverse effects of ignoring the differential risks of divisions when utilizing hurdle rates. The importance of estimating divisional cost of capital was made clear in a Financial Management (see Ang, 1989) panel session featuring financial executives from several large firms. According to Jack A. Gunn, ‘‘We at Southwestern Bell find the idea and the notion of divisional cost of capital very appealing’’ (p. 20). Estimation of divisional cost of capital takes on added importance for firms that are subject to cost of capital regulation. For the purposes of this research, divisional cost of capital is taken to be part of a larger concern: determining the cost of equity capital for any firm or division of a firm without publicly traded equity. For example, estimation of the rate of return for a private firm for the valuation purposes is a related problem of interest. Similarly, a company may wish to price the equity risk of a single profit center, plant, or product using accounting data. Consider the statement of Bruce Dannenburg, then of Digital Equipment Corporation, in the Financial Management panel session cited above: ‘‘You can clearly see that there is a drastic need in the real world for divisional hurdle rates. In fact...there is a need not only for divisional hurdle rates but for project specific hurdle rates as well’’ (p. 23). The techniques examined herein are potentially applicable to all of these situations, although as a practical matter there are often non-systematic factors which must be considered whenvaluing private equity interests. When the market price of equity is observable, several accepted approaches exist to estimate cost of equity capital; however, the CAPM is the most widely used. In the CAPM, firm betas are estimated from market returns, and the expected return for each firm is computed from the firm beta using the security market line. Fama and French (2003) state that the two most widely used practical applications of the CAPM are theestimation of cost of equity capital and portfolio performance evaluation. Because of its widespread acceptance and ease of implementation, the CAPM is selected as the risk-return benchmark model for these tests. One drawback is that all of our tests become essentially joint tests of the cluster method and the CAPM, and if the method is rejected, we cannot be certain if it is because the cluster methodology is not useful or because the CAPM is not a sufficiently accurate description of the risk-return relationship.
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ผลลัพธ์ (จีน) 2:[สำเนา]
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资本的资本成本区长2.分部成本是指用于估算一个项目而要求退货的,例如,一个公司的一个部门,如果没有可用的数据有关的风险为师的市场价格的问题。资本成本区长是最低回报率,作为回报评估项目所需要的最小速度使用时,将保证股东财富增加投资正的净现值的项目。块(2003)指出,“'来,在一个公司分部有度的是从母公司不同的风险和财务特点,采用了整体企业最低回报率的程度肯定会导致不正确的决定,并没有最大限度地发挥股东财富“”(第345页)。鲍尔和詹克斯(1975)已证明利用障碍率时无视差分裂风险的潜在的严重不利影响。估计资金成本部门的重要性,明确了财务管理(见李安,1989年)小组会议包括来自几家大公司的财务主管。据杰克A.葛恩,'我们在西南贝尔找到理念和资本成本分区的概念非常吸引人“”(第20页)。资本的部门成本估算需要对企业,这些企业受到资本监管成本更加重要。对于这项研究的目的,资本成本的部门被当作一个更大问题的一部分:确定股权资本的公司的任何公司或部门没有公开交易的股票的成本。例如,估计回报为一家私营公司的估值目的率是利益相关的问题。同样,一个公司可能希望以价格单利润中心,工厂,或利用会计数据产品的股票风险。考虑布鲁斯Dannenburg的语句,那么数字设备公司,在财务管理小组会议上面提到:“”你可以清楚地看到,有一个激烈的需要,在现实世界中的分区最低回报率。其实......这里不仅为部门最低回报率,但对项目的具体障碍率以及'(第23页)需要。本文所检查的技术是可能适用于所有的这些情况下,虽然作为一个实际问题经常有必须考虑whenvaluing私募股权利益非系统性的因素。当股票的市场价格是观察到,一些公认的方法存在估计权益资本成本; 然而,CAPM是使用最广泛的。在资本资产定价模型,贝塔公司从市场回报估计,并为每个企业的预期收益是从使用安全市场一线企业公测计算。Fama和French(2003)指出,资本资产定价模型的两个最广泛使用的实际应用中的
股权资本和投资组合绩效评估的成本估算。因为它的广泛接受和易于实现的,该CAPM被选择为风险收益基准模型进行这些测试。一个缺点是,所有测试的成为群集方法和CAPM基本上联合测试,并且如果该方法被拒绝,我们不能确定它是否是因为群集方法是没有用的,或者因为CAPM是不足够精确的风险收益关系的描述。
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ผลลัพธ์ (จีน) 3:[สำเนา]
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2。对资本部门成本部门成本是指一个项目所需的估计,回归问题为例,一个公司的一个部门,当对于划分风险的市场价格没有可用的数据。部门的资本成本是最低预期回报率,使用时要求的最低收益率评价项目,将确保股东财富的增加投资净现值为正的项目。块(2003)指出,“在某种程度上,一个分公司的风险和财务特征,不同于母公司度,利用企业的整体收益率必然导致错误的决策和失败的股东财富最大化”(345页)。鲍尔和詹克斯(1975)发现潜在的严重副作用,忽视部门的风险差异当利用障碍率。评估部门的资本成本的重要性在财务管理作出了明确(见昂,1989)小组会议,从几家大公司的财务主管。据杰克A.耿氏,“我们在西南贝尔找到思想和概念区分资本成本非常有吸引力的”(20页)。对部门的资本成本估计将增加企业受制于资本管制成本的重要性。本研究的目的,部门的资本成本是一个更大的问题的一部分:确定任何公司或分公司的非公开交易股权的权益资本成本。例如,对用于评估目的的私有公司收益率的估计是一个相关的问题感兴趣。同样,一个公司可能希望一个利润中心,工厂的资产风险的价格,或者产品使用会计数据。考虑到布鲁斯dannenburg声明,当时的数字设备公司,在财务管理小组会议提到:“你可以清楚地看到,有部分障碍率真实世界中激烈的需要。事实上……不仅有必要分区障碍率但对于项目的具体障碍率也”(23页)。本文所研究的技术是所有这些情况可能适用,虽然作为一个实际问题往往有非系统性因素必须考虑whenvaluing私人股本权益。当股票的市场价格是可观测的,几种广为接受的方法存在计算权益资本成本;然而,CAPM模型是应用最广泛的。在资本资产定价模型,从市场回报率估计公司贝塔,和每个企业的预期收益从公司β利用证券市场线计算。Fama和French(2003)的状态,使用最广泛的两个实际应用CAPM是权益资本成本的
估计投资组合绩效评价。由于其广泛的接受和易于实施的,CAPM是作为这些试验的风险收益的基准模型。一个缺点是,我们所有的测试基本上成为联合试验的聚类方法和CAPM,如果方法是拒绝,我们不能肯定是否因为群集的方法是不是有用的或因为CAPM并不足够准确地描述了风险与回报的关系。
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