N. gonorrhoeae possesses a cell envelope composed of an inner cytoplasmic membrane, a middle layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane [92]. The outer membrane contains lipooligosaccharide (LOS; also called endotoxin), phospholipid, and a variety of proteins that contribute to cell adherence, tissue invasion, and resistance to host defenses. N. gonorrhoeae has many dynamic polymeric protein filaments called type IV pili, which allow the bacteria to adhere to and move along surfaces