In addition to prevention of surgical infections, IPs can assist in preventing device-associated infections, including catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central lineeassociated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Regardless of the patient environment, a risk of infection is associated with any indwelling device, including central venous catheters, urinary catheters, and endotracheal tubes. All these devices are used with great frequency in the OR.Urinary catheters may be the most common indwelling device inserted during surgical procedures. Because studies conclude that the duration of catheterization is the most important risk factor for developing infection,The Joint Commission has added a core measure that requires the removal of the urinary catheter on ostoperative day one or day two. Exceptions to this requirement include a physician-documented reason not to remove the catheter; all urological, gynecological, and perineal surgeries; a patient in intensive care; a patient receiving diuretics; and a patient with a documented infection before surgery. Key strategies designed to support the prompt removal of urinary catheters include automated physician catheter discontinuation orders and nursing practice, catheter-removal protocols.