To evaluate variations in centroid size and shape of
wings, a Procrustes ANOVA (Klingenberg and McIntyre,
1998; Palmer and Strobeck, 2003) was conducted with
centroid size and shape used as independent variables,
body side as fixed effect and individual as random effect
(Klingenberg and McIntyre, 1998). Thus, the effect of
individual represents individual variation in shape, and the
effect of body side represents wing asymmetry. Analyses
were performed using the software MorphoJ