Two novelcoronaviruseshaveemergedtocauseseverediseaseinhumans.Whilebatsmaybethe
primary reservoirforbothviruses,SARScoronavirus(SARS-CoV)likelycrossedintohumansfromcivets
in China,andMERScoronavirus(MERS-CoV)hasbeentransmittedfromcamelsintheMiddleEast.
UnlikeSARS-CoVthatresolvedwithinayear,continuedintroductionsofMERS-CoVpresentanon-going
public healththreat.Animalmodelsareneededtoevaluatecountermeasuresagainstemergingviruses.
With SARS-CoV,severalanimalspecieswerepermissivetoinfection.Incontrast,mostlaboratory
animals arerefractoryoronlysemi-permissivetoinfectionwithMERS-CoV.Thishost-rangerestriction
is largelydeterminedbysequenceheterogeneityintheMERS-CoVreceptor.Wedescribeanimal
models developedtostudycoronaviruses,withafocusonhost-rangerestrictionatthelevelofthe
viral receptoranddiscussapproachestoconsiderindevelopingamodeltoevaluatecountermeasures
against MERS-CoV.
Two novelcoronaviruseshaveemergedtocauseseverediseaseinhumans.Whilebatsmaybetheprimary reservoirforbothviruses,SARScoronavirus(SARS-CoV)likelycrossedintohumansfromcivetsin China,andMERScoronavirus(MERS-CoV)hasbeentransmittedfromcamelsintheMiddleEast.UnlikeSARS-CoVthatresolvedwithinayear,continuedintroductionsofMERS-CoVpresentanon-goingpublic healththreat.Animalmodelsareneededtoevaluatecountermeasuresagainstemergingviruses.With SARS-CoV,severalanimalspecieswerepermissivetoinfection.Incontrast,mostlaboratoryanimals arerefractoryoronlysemi-permissivetoinfectionwithMERS-CoV.Thishost-rangerestrictionis largelydeterminedbysequenceheterogeneityintheMERS-CoVreceptor.Wedescribeanimalmodels developedtostudycoronaviruses,withafocusonhost-rangerestrictionattheleveloftheviral receptoranddiscussapproachestoconsiderindevelopingamodeltoevaluatecountermeasuresagainst MERS-CoV.
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