This interesting effect occurs in NLED when we study wave propagation
in an electromagnetic background. Considering a background
electromagnetic field it is possible to show that the interaction between
an
electromagnetic wave and this field produces a modified
dispersion relation [43–45].
In
the present work, we explore the thermodynamics properties
of a photon gas under the influence of a background electromagnetic
field
in
NLED
scenarios.
The
paper
is
organized
as
follows.
In
Section 2, we present the modified dispersion relations and perform
the
thermodynamic
analysis
for
a
photon
gas
in
an
arbitrary
NLED background. In Section 3, we apply the developed formulation
on
Heisenberg–Euler
NLED
and
compare
the
results
with
the
effective field theory at finite temperature. Section 4 presents a
comparison among the thermodynamic properties of the photon
gas in the background of Maxwell and Born–Infeld electrodynamics.
The final remarks and further perspectives are made in Section
5.
Finally, a discussion on the birefringence phenomenon is
presented in Appendix A.