Many financial liberalization measures were carried out and by 1993 most foreign exchange controls on current account and capital account transactions had been lifted. In March 1993,the Bangkok international banking facilities (BIBF) was established to serve as a means to develop Bangkok into an international financial center. Tax privileges were given to BIBF transactions to enable it to compete with other financial centers. It was hoped that the BIBF will result in a lot of in-out financial flows, so that Bangkok could become a financial center providing financing to other regional economies. Instead , most of the flows were out-in fueling the economic bubble and leading to a rapid increase in short-term foreign debt, which were the key elements bringing about the crisis.
Controls on financial institution were also reduced. Interest rate ceilings were eliminated by mid -1992 and rules on credit extension became more relaxed. It was hoped that these liberalization measures would lead to greater competition in the domestic financial system, strengthen domestic financial institutions, and make Bangkok a leading regional financial center. However,two key issues were overlooked. First, whether existing financial institutions were ready for a more liberalized system,and second, whether the supervisory system of the authorities was adequate. It turned out that most commercial banks and finance companies in Thailand at that time lacked adequate experience or maturity, with poor corporate governance. Intra-affiliate lending was prevalent and most of their clients also lacked proper financial discipline and corporate governance. Financial mismanagement and so-called "crony capitalism " were widespread. Worse yet, the central authorities at that time did not have the capacity to effectively supervise financial institutions. Such deficiency led to widespread imprudent lending by financial institutions and contributed to widespread speculative investment, particularly in real estate projects, fueling an asset price bubble.
Many financial liberalization measures were carried out and by 1993 most foreign exchange controls on current account and capital account transactions had been lifted. In March 1993,the Bangkok international banking facilities (BIBF) was established to serve as a means to develop Bangkok into an international financial center. Tax privileges were given to BIBF transactions to enable it to compete with other financial centers. It was hoped that the BIBF will result in a lot of in-out financial flows, so that Bangkok could become a financial center providing financing to other regional economies. Instead , most of the flows were out-in fueling the economic bubble and leading to a rapid increase in short-term foreign debt, which were the key elements bringing about the crisis.Controls on financial institution were also reduced. Interest rate ceilings were eliminated by mid -1992 and rules on credit extension became more relaxed. It was hoped that these liberalization measures would lead to greater competition in the domestic financial system, strengthen domestic financial institutions, and make Bangkok a leading regional financial center. However,two key issues were overlooked. First, whether existing financial institutions were ready for a more liberalized system,and second, whether the supervisory system of the authorities was adequate. It turned out that most commercial banks and finance companies in Thailand at that time lacked adequate experience or maturity, with poor corporate governance. Intra-affiliate lending was prevalent and most of their clients also lacked proper financial discipline and corporate governance. Financial mismanagement and so-called "crony capitalism " were widespread. Worse yet, the central authorities at that time did not have the capacity to effectively supervise financial institutions. Such deficiency led to widespread imprudent lending by financial institutions and contributed to widespread speculative investment, particularly in real estate projects, fueling an asset price bubble.
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