Participants were asked to complete a visual analog scale (VAS)
for assessment of stress, anxiety, ability to relax, insomnia, alertness, fatigue, tension, pain, mood, and energy (score, 0e10) on
postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 both before and after intervention. At
hospital dismissal, patients were asked to complete a 5-point
overall satisfaction questionnaire. They also were given a VAS
questionnaire to complete at 3 weeks. Total VAS scores (sum VAS)
were compiled through the following calculation, in which the
overall scores are obtained by reversing the scores of the positive
items: