By the late 1980s the World Bank had adjusted its policies to give greater support to environmental management (Warford and Partow, 1989), oil prices had fallen, and a Green Movement had emerged, particularly in Europe, embarked on policy advocacy and made politicians of all persuasions aware of environmental issues. By 1988 environmental matters were on the agendas of politicians and decision makers with a higher public profile than ever before. Although green activity in politics has declined from a peak in the early and mid 1980s (Bramwell, 1994), it is by no means on the wane. By the 1990s fashion had shifted towards transparent and participatory approaches. Since the mid 1980s fashion seems to be focusing on integration and holistic approaches. In the past few years in a growing number of countries, ‘popular environmentalism’ and ‘environmental justice movements’ have been appearing as marginalised groups in urban and rural situations look for environmental improvement, better livelihoods and sustainable development. These goals demand better environmental valuation and understanding of environmental conflicts, and political ecology and ecological economics are seen to be of potential help (Martinez-Alier, 2003).