Metaphors are a type of shorthand (Oswick et al., 2002) that juxtaposes one form of
experience with another to enable people to make sense of phenomena (Lakoff and
Johnson, 1980). Their embodied nature (Cornelissen and Kafouros, 2008) is reflected in
static or kinetic images that can tap all five senses. Ko¨vecses (2000) argues that
metaphorical language does not merely reflect culturally accepted forms of expression,
it actually constitutes experience. Metaphors are social constructions (Barner, 2008)
that enable people to articulate experience often more graphically than literal
language.