There is a difference between being corporatised in form and actually following principles of corporate governance that are customary in private undertakings. On the basis of the survey, the latter can be assessed from various perspectives, including the economic and non-economic objectives port authorities have, their organisational structure (including the appointment of top management executives and the composition of supervisory bodies), transparency through the use of public selection procedures to contract out land to port operators, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and the use of corporate accounting principles.