Research Question 3: What were the differences in demographics, disease severity, appraisal, or coping
between patients with and without psychological distress?
Of the 92 included in the study, 64.1% were categorized
with psychological distress according to the gender-specific cutoff, compared with 35.9% without. The mean score of the HSCL-23 was .99 (SD.48). Patients with and without psychological distress did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex, cohabitation or marital status, main years of education, or FEV1 percent predicted. Further, no significant differences were found between the groups
regarding the types of stressful event, stress intensity,
primary and secondary appraisal, or number of coping strategies used.