A third, less popular, stream of related research considers a
binomial supply process where every received item is of imperfect quality with the same
probability. Most of the limited work in this area considers the binomial supply within complex
supply chain/ serial production contexts (e.g. Levitan, 1960; Grosfeld-Nir and Ronen, 1993; Sepheri
et al., 1986), with the exception of the paper by Gerchak (1992) who incorporates a binomial supply
into the classical
(r, Q) model.