Automating part of the jobs of employees means making a permanent change in their roles and responsibilities. If you automate pricing, for instance, it is hard to hold the affected manager solely responsible for the profit and loss of the business going forward, since a key part of the profit formula is now made by a machine. As managerial responsibilities evolve or are eliminated altogether, organizations will have to adapt by redefining roles to best leverage and support the ongoing development of these technologies. At the insurance company above, claims managers no longer process all claims; instead, they focus on the exceptional ones, with the highest level of complexity or the most severe property damage. Again, focus is required, since job redesign is time consuming. And it can be taken on only if the automated tools and new roles have been developed and tested to meet whatever surprises our volatile world throws at them.