Most metaheuristics model a specific phenomenon or mechanism based on which they tackle optimization problems. On the contrary, the Yin-Yang-Pair Optimization (YYPO) algorithm is not based on any specific mechanism or physical event but is designed to explicitly balance exploration and exploitation and thus attempts to be a realization of the Yin Yang philosophy of balance between conflicting forces. Thus, YYPO is the authors' implementation of how the contradicting behaviours inherent in an evolutionary optimization algorithm (exploration and exploitation) can be balanced such that they complement each other to effectively determine the optimal solution. The algorithm is designed for bounded real parameter unconstrained single objective optimization, although the framework may be extended to accommodate constrained as well as mixed integer problems by incorporating minor modifications. For instance, the algorithm can handle constrained as well as mixed integer problems by employing the appropriate techniques from literature (Deb and Agrawal, 1999 and Deep et al., 2009).