6.Risk tolerance—the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking.
7.Reward criteria—the degree to which rewards such as promotion and salary increases are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors.
8.Conflict tolerance—the degree to which employees are encouraged to air con- flicts and criticisms openly.
9.Means versus end orientation—the degree to which management focuses on out- comes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those results.
10.Open-systems focus—the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.