4.3. Rumen pH and lactate concentration
As expected, pH values before the morning concentrate distribution were higher in phase II than in phase I because calves did not have access to the concentrate feeder during the night. Consequently, the decline of pH during the first 4 h after feeding was more evident in phase II than in phase I, which was coupled with higher intake of oncentrate. However, no treatment effects occurred in phase II while, in phase I, there was a trend to lower pH values with P3.5 than M, mainly because of the greater magnitude of the pH decrease in the first 4 h after feeding, despite the lack of differences in concentrate
intake during this period. Moreover, calves fed the large pellets in phase I had the lowest decrease in pH after feeding, in accordance with a lower concentrate intake during this period. Although, in phase II, calves fed P10 also had a lower intake in
the morning feeding than those in treatments M and P3.5, this was not reflected in differences in the pH decrease, probably because of the time elapsed (1.5 h) between the end of intake and sampling. That the lactic acid concentration was higher in treatment P3.5 than in P10 is consistent with the higher efficacy of larger pellets in slowing intake after feeding.Most pH values were lower than 6.0 after 4 and 8 h of feeding although, at 8 h after feeding, there was a recovery to pH > 6.0 in calves with restricted feed access (phase II). This recovery was higher in calves fed the large pellets. Moreover,up to 0.59 of the calves fed the pelleted diets had pH values lower than 5.5 at 8 h after feeding in phase I. However, if pH values of 5.0 and 6.0 are accepted as thresholds of acute and subacute acidosis, as proposed by Jouany (2006), none of the calves suffered from acute acidosis, because individual pH values were never lower than 5.0. Furthermore, mean lactic acid concentrations after feeding, either in phase I or in phase II, were always lower than values reported by Nagaraja et al. (1985)
during acute acidosis (>50 mmol/l), when ruminal pH was lower than 4.5, or by Hristov et al. (2001) during subacute acidosis,
4.3. Rumen pH and lactate concentrationAs expected, pH values before the morning concentrate distribution were higher in phase II than in phase I because calves did not have access to the concentrate feeder during the night. Consequently, the decline of pH during the first 4 h after feeding was more evident in phase II than in phase I, which was coupled with higher intake of oncentrate. However, no treatment effects occurred in phase II while, in phase I, there was a trend to lower pH values with P3.5 than M, mainly because of the greater magnitude of the pH decrease in the first 4 h after feeding, despite the lack of differences in concentrateintake during this period. Moreover, calves fed the large pellets in phase I had the lowest decrease in pH after feeding, in accordance with a lower concentrate intake during this period. Although, in phase II, calves fed P10 also had a lower intake inthe morning feeding than those in treatments M and P3.5, this was not reflected in differences in the pH decrease, probably because of the time elapsed (1.5 h) between the end of intake and sampling. That the lactic acid concentration was higher in treatment P3.5 than in P10 is consistent with the higher efficacy of larger pellets in slowing intake after feeding.Most pH values were lower than 6.0 after 4 and 8 h of feeding although, at 8 h after feeding, there was a recovery to pH > 6.0 in calves with restricted feed access (phase II). This recovery was higher in calves fed the large pellets. Moreover,up to 0.59 of the calves fed the pelleted diets had pH values lower than 5.5 at 8 h after feeding in phase I. However, if pH values of 5.0 and 6.0 are accepted as thresholds of acute and subacute acidosis, as proposed by Jouany (2006), none of the calves suffered from acute acidosis, because individual pH values were never lower than 5.0. Furthermore, mean lactic acid concentrations after feeding, either in phase I or in phase II, were always lower than values reported by Nagaraja et al. (1985)during acute acidosis (>50 mmol/l), when ruminal pH was lower than 4.5, or by Hristov et al. (2001) during subacute acidosis,
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