3.2 Functional unit
The target product is Bio-H2 and CGS products of electricity and/or heat energy. Thus, the
functional unit is assumed to be the unit per a produced energy. The lower heating values of
H2 and electricity are 10.8 MJ/Nm3 and 3.6 MJ/kWh, respectively.
3.3 Pre-processing process
In the pre-processing process, there are sub-processes of chipping, transportation, and
drying of biomass materials. In particular, within the sub-processes of transportation and
drying, we have to consider uncertainties. To date, there are few studies considering these
uncertainties. CO2 emissions and energy intensities in the biomass LCA would be affected
by the moisture content of biomass materials, and the transportation distance from the
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596 Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology
cultivation site, or the site of accumulating waste materials, to the energy plant. Table 6
shows heating values, and that of CO2 emissions, for each fuel with biomass materials,
respectively. Also, CO2 emissions and energy intensities were estimated using the Monte
Carlo simulation in order to consider these uncertainties (Dowaki and Genchi, 2009).
3.2 Functional unitThe target product is Bio-H2 and CGS products of electricity and/or heat energy. Thus, thefunctional unit is assumed to be the unit per a produced energy. The lower heating values ofH2 and electricity are 10.8 MJ/Nm3 and 3.6 MJ/kWh, respectively.3.3 Pre-processing processIn the pre-processing process, there are sub-processes of chipping, transportation, anddrying of biomass materials. In particular, within the sub-processes of transportation anddrying, we have to consider uncertainties. To date, there are few studies considering theseuncertainties. CO2 emissions and energy intensities in the biomass LCA would be affectedby the moisture content of biomass materials, and the transportation distance from thewww.intechopen.com596 Biofuel's Engineering Process Technologycultivation site, or the site of accumulating waste materials, to the energy plant. Table 6shows heating values, and that of CO2 emissions, for each fuel with biomass materials,respectively. Also, CO2 emissions and energy intensities were estimated using the MonteCarlo simulation in order to consider these uncertainties (Dowaki and Genchi, 2009).
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