There is a wide gap in premiums across insurance programs
with UEBI having premiums 10 times higher than
either URBMI or NRCMS [2]. The gap in premiums leads to
substantial benefit variations across insurance programs as
indicated in Table 2. For example, the reimbursement rate
for inpatient care was only 44% for NRCMS in 2011, much
lower than the rate of 68% for UEBMI [52]. As illustrated in
Fig. 2, the three major insurance programs differed greatly
from each other in the coverage dimensions defined by the
World Health Organization, including breath (% of population
covered), depth (% of health costs covered) and scope
(type of health services covered) [55]. Whereas the breath
of NRCMS is the largest, covering 62% of population in 2011,
it lagged behind other two insurance programs in terms of
either depth or scope. Such disparities exist despite of the
governments’ efforts to promote equitable health care