In contrast, a clear record of artificial introduction of P kauderni individuals in the Lembeh Strait (North Sulawesi), about 400 km north to the species' natural range is available.Adiscernable population started around the year 2000 (Erdmann and Vagelli, 2001; Vagelli, 2005) and is growing. Similarly, a small population inhabits the Tumback Bay (North Sulawesi, about 90 km south of the Lembeh strait) where fish trader is located, and where "undesirable" specimens have been released into the bay for several years. Most recently, evidence of a new in- troduction in Bali has also emerged (Gilimanuk Bay), where one the largest export center of P kauderni is located.