The ADDIE instructional design model aims at a student-centered rather than the traditional teacher-centered
approach of instruction, so that effective lifelong learning can take place. This means that every component of the
instruction is governed by the learning outcomes that have been determined after a thorough analysis of the
researcher’s need. The ADDIE model is an interactive instructional design process, where the results of the
formative evaluation of each phase may lead the researcher back to any previous phase. The end of one phase is the
starting of the next phase (Gustafson and Branch, 2002).