Existing mainstream banking organizations can also reach into microfinance. Donors and governments may assist banks in furthering their reach through carefully designed, targeted subsidies to banks, as has been successfully implemented in Chile. As Tressel argues, subsidized bank loans for the poor may have an indirect impact on the cost of capital in the informal sector by increasing price competition for the borrowers who are credit rationed on the margin. Such a policy would unambiguously speed up the penetration of modem banks in poor areas. Moreover, microfinance institutions "may have an indirect positive effect by reducing the market power of informal lenders even if their size is limited and they need to rely on subsidies. Microfinance institutions can help to drive down interest rates, which benefits poor borrowers in the short term and helps them to accumulate assets. Lastly, the redistribution of wealth to the poor that bank-subsidized loans entail can improve credit market efficiency by increasing their assets, which could help to break down financial fragmentation and hasten the development of a full-fledged banking sector that permits firms to raise capital on a scale needed for growth.