theories in many areas of cognition and education. For example, the Dual Route Hypothesis assumed that reading is composed of two distinct processes: visual word recognition and a phonological process. Traditional behavioral experiments have failed to confirm or invalidate this hypothesis. Neuroscience evidence has helped us realize that there is an interaction and contribution of both pathways (Booth, et. al, 2004) and that an understanding of these processes may help in the development of effective interventions (Shaywitz, et. al, 2004). These results conform to our traditional view of science as being a cumulative evolutionary process in which multiple disciplines converge on a veridical picture of reality. However, Byrnes and Fox also identified another