THE desire to improve the fuel economy, emissions, and
performance of vehicles has given rise to the advent of more
electric vehicles (MEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
[1]. The proposed 42-V PowerNet system will allow for the
electrical loads to increase and improve upon the efficiency of the
vehicles [2]–[4]. The next generation ofMEVswill be the HEVs;
that is, implementing an electric motor to assist the internal
combustion engine (ICE) for propulsion of the vehicle [5].
Designing an HEV is dependent upon the energy source that
provides for all of the electrical loads. The energy source needs
to have adequate storage to meet the demands that the vehicle
may encounter under any condition [5]. In addition to the storage
capacity, the source needs to be able to produce the required
amounts of power; more specifically, peak power demands
that will meet the demands of the electrical loads in the car.
Present technology does not provide a device proficient of high
storage capabilities and maximum power flow; there is a trade