Abstract: Objective: To implement and evaluate a problem-based learning (PBL) pain and palliative care elective course to develop studentsʼ pain and symptom management pharmacotherapy knowledge, clinical reasoning process, and self-directed learning skills. Methods: Each week students received a patient case to independently develop an assessment and plan for each pain and symptom management problem. During class the students discussed their findings within small groups in preparation for a large-group discussion with the instructor. Studentsʼ course grades were based on weekly pre-class case preparation, individual case studies, and self-reflection questions. To assess knowledge gained over the semester a free-response pre- and post-course test was given. Results: Twenty-five students enrolled in this course. A t-test comparison of the pre- and post-tests yielded a significant difference between the pre- and post-test scores (p < 0.001), with the mean score for the tests increasing from 9.6 (out of 20 points) on the pre-test to 14.1 on the post-test. Pearsonʼs correlation coefficient between the pre- and post-test was 0.45, indicating increased scores were not a result of improvement only among the strong students. The normalized gain was 0.43. The average score for each individual case study was slightly more than 80%. Four themes were noted in the studentsʼ self-reflections including patient/family goals of care, individualization of patient care and contrast to curative treatment, improved comfort with “gray therapeutic areas,” and advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning. Conclusions: Students demonstrated improved pain and symptom management pharmacotherapy knowledge, clinical reasoning process, and self-directed learning skills after course completion. The skills developed by students will benefit them in future clinical practice. Additional studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of the skills developed in this course. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Abstract: Objective: To implement and evaluate a problem-based learning (PBL) pain and palliative care elective course to develop studentsʼ pain and symptom management pharmacotherapy knowledge, clinical reasoning process, and self-directed learning skills. Methods: Each week students received a patient case to independently develop an assessment and plan for each pain and symptom management problem. During class the students discussed their findings within small groups in preparation for a large-group discussion with the instructor. Studentsʼ course grades were based on weekly pre-class case preparation, individual case studies, and self-reflection questions. To assess knowledge gained over the semester a free-response pre- and post-course test was given. Results: Twenty-five students enrolled in this course. A t-test comparison of the pre- and post-tests yielded a significant difference between the pre- and post-test scores (p < 0.001), with the mean score for the tests increasing from 9.6 (out of 20 points) on the pre-test to 14.1 on the post-test. Pearsonʼs correlation coefficient between the pre- and post-test was 0.45, indicating increased scores were not a result of improvement only among the strong students. The normalized gain was 0.43. The average score for each individual case study was slightly more than 80%. Four themes were noted in the studentsʼ self-reflections including patient/family goals of care, individualization of patient care and contrast to curative treatment, improved comfort with “gray therapeutic areas,” and advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning. Conclusions: Students demonstrated improved pain and symptom management pharmacotherapy knowledge, clinical reasoning process, and self-directed learning skills after course completion. The skills developed by students will benefit them in future clinical practice. Additional studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of the skills developed in this course. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] Copyright of Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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