individuals can more effectively set behavior-altering goals for themselves. A large body of research suggests that the process of setting challenging and specific goals can significantly increase individual performance levels. self-set rewards, coupled with self-set goals can aid significantly in energizing the effort necessary to accomplish the goals. Self-rewards may be something simple or intangible such as mentally congratulating oneself for an important accomplishment, or something more concrete like a special vacation at the completion of a difficult project. Self-punishment or self-correcting feedback should consist of a positively framed and introspective examination of failures and undesirable behaviors leading to the reshaping of such behaviors. The excessive use of self-punishment involving self-criticism and guilt can be detrimental to performance and should be avoided. Finally, concrete environmental cues can serve as an effective means of encouraging constructive behaviors and reducing or eliminating destructive ones. Lists, notes, screensavers and motivational posters are just a few examples of external cues that can help keep attention and effort focused on goal attainment. In short, behavior-focused self-leadership strategies are designed to encourage positive, desirable behaviors that lead to successful outcome, while suppressing negative, undesirable behaviors that lead to unsuccessful outcome.>>>>>>natural reward strategies are intended to create situations in which a person is motivated or rewarded by inherently enjoyable aspects of the task of activity. There are two primary natural reward strategies. The first involves building more pleasant and enjoyable features into a given activity so that the task itself becomes naturally rewarding. The second strategy consist of shaping perceptions by focusing attention away from the unpleasant aspects of task and refocusing it on the task's inherently rewarding aspects. Both strategies are likely to create feelings of competence and self-determination, two primary mechanisms of intrinsic motivation. To summarize, natural reward strategies are designed to help create feelings of competence and self-determination, which in turn energize performance-enhancing task-related behaviors.>>>> Constructive thought pattern strategies are designed to facilitate the formation of constructive thought patterns and habitual ways of thinking that can positively impact performance. Constructive thought pattern strategies include identifying and replacing dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions, mental imagery and positive of self-talk. Individuals should first examine their thought patterns, confronting and replacing dysfunctional irrational beliefs and assumptions with more constructive thought processes. In addition, negative and destructive self-talk should be identified and replaced with more positive internal dialogues. Self-talk is defined as what people covertly tell themselves and involves mental self-evaluations and reactions. By carefully analyzing self-talk patterns, negative or pessimistic self-talk can be suppressed or eliminated and replaced with more optimistic self-dialogues. Finally, mental imagery is the symbolic and convert cognitive creation of an experience or task prior to actual overt physical muscular movement. Individuals who envision successful performance of an activity in advance of actual performance are more likely to perform successfully when faced with the actual task. In support of this assertion, Driskell et al. performed a meta analysis of 35 empirical studies and found a significant positive effect for mental imagery on individual performance.