Subculture Theories
and Their Forerunners
The theory of anomie as developed by Durkheim and Merton established a framework for the development of subculturetheories of delinquent and criminal behavior. These
theories focus on an identifiable segment or group characterized by specific patterns of behavior, folkways, and
mores that set it apart from the rest of society. The subculture theorists do not agree on why certain norms exist
within subcultures, but all of their studies may be characterized by their attempt to understand delinquent behavior as sanctioned by the subculture and influenced by its
status requirements. Subculture theorists were influenced
by the early study of gangs, a subject that is the focus of
significant research today; so first we will explore that topic.