Acknowledgments
We thank the National Science Council of Taiwan for funding the program (NSC 101-2219-E-002-024). We are thankful for the NTUH IRB approval (No. 201108018RC). We express our gratitude to the cooperation of the Diabetes Center and Information Systems Office of NTUH, and the participation of the educators and the case managers. The initial concept of the system architecture of the online diabetes self-management system has been accepted by the Asian-Pacific Chinese Diabetes Forum (2013) in Chinese.