Calculating the standard time of the production line We collected the cycle time for each station and determined the number of replications of cycle time at a 95% confidence interval. The maximum number of replications was less than 30. Hence, our data collection was sufficient to calculate. We defined the personal allowance to 3%, basic fatigue allowance to 2% and delay or contingency allowance to 5%. Thus, the total allowance is 10%. Then, we calculated the average cycle time, normal time, standard time and cycle time per worker for 1 litre of pasteurized milk as shown in Table 1.