Improper or inadequate treatment, h

Improper or inadequate treatment, handling, and disposal of sanitary wastewater can have far reaching
impacts on the environment. These impacts are the reasons for management and regulation of South
Pars Gas processing plants. Foaming, high suspended solids, high biodegradable material and low pH are
the main causes of pollution problems in the sanitary wastewater treatment (activated sludge process) of
a gas processing plant. Recent inspection of the sanitary treatment package showed that significant
foaming has occurred in inlet Sump and aeration Tank of the unit as well as increasing BOD (biochemical
oxygen demand) of effluent stream. The object of the present investigation is (a) to focus on the performance
assessment of activated sludge process and potential reasons of pollution that have been
gained from observations and laboratory results in South Pars Gas processing plant (b) to discuss the
effects of these reasons on the specification of effluent wastewater, (c) to analyze operational management
and modification of current activated sludge system and (d) from the results suggest some techniques
for pollution control in the plant.


1. Introduction
Water pollution issues now dominate public concerns about
national water quality and maintaining healthy ecosystems.
Although a large investment in water pollution control has helped
reduce the problem, many miles of streams are still impacted by a
variety of different pollutants. This, in turn, affects the ability of
people to use the water for beneficial purposes (Neff, 2002). Good
quality water is often required in order to comply with environmental
standards and regulations. Additionally, in areas of limited
water resources, water economics may dictate the possible reuse of
wastewater effluent. Such requirements and considerations
necessitate the efficient treatment of the wastewater for the
removal of hazardous contaminants (USEPA; Tellez et al., 2002).
In South Pars Gas process plant, sanitary wastewater is treated
by activated sludge process. Sanitary wastewater is a mixture of
used water and wastes which are gathered from residential, commercial
and official buildings. It also sometimes mixed with underground
and surface water. The treated water can be used for
irrigation or discharged directly to the sea. Gas process wastewater
is not routed to sanitary wastewater treatment (Davoudi et al.,
2014). Activated sludge is a biological process that utilizes microorganisms
to convert organic components from wastewater into
cell mass. The activated sludge is then separated from the liquid by
clarification. The settled sludge is either returned or wasted. The
activated sludge is commonly used as a wastewater treatment
process because it is an effective and versatile treatment process
and capable of a high degree of treatment (Martin, 1927; Richard,
1989).
The basic principle behind all activated sludge processes is that
as microorganisms grow, they form particles that clump together.
These particles (floc) are allowed to settle to the bottom of the tank,
leaving a relatively clear liquid free of organic material and suspended
solids. Described simply, screened wastewater is mixed
with varying amounts of recycled liquid containing a high proportion
of organisms taken from a clarifying tank, and it becomes a
product called mixed liquor. This mixture is stirred and injected
with large quantities of air, to provide oxygen and keep solids in
suspension. After a period of time, mixed liquor flows to a clarifier
where it is allowed to settle. A portion of the bacteria is removed as
it settles, and the partially cleaned water flows on for further
treatment (Andreadakis, 1993; Palm et al., 1980; Walker and
Davis, 1977).
Many problems can develop in activated sludge operation that
adversely affect effluent quality. The real heart of the activated
sludge system is the development and maintenance of activatedsludge that treats wastewater and which can be managed
(Schuyler, 1995; Dal Ferro and Smith, 2007; Khatib and Verbeek,
2002).
Review of the literature shows that the activated sludge process
has experienced operational problems since its beginning. Ardem
and Lockett (1914a) did note increased turbidity and reduced
nitrification with reduced temperatures. By the early 1920s
continuous flow systems had to deal with the scourge of activated
sludge, bulking and effluent suspended solids problems (Ardem
and Lockett, 1914b). Also, Martin (1927) describes effluent quality
problems due to toxic and/or high organic strength industrial
wastes. Oxygen demanding materials would bleed through the
process. More recently, Jenkins et al. (1993) discussed severe
foaming problems in activated sludge systems.
Many researchers have shown biological treatment of petroleum
refinery or some its compounds wastewater to be effective
and efficient methods (Hansen and Davies, 1994; Bostick et al.,
2002; Li et al., 2002; Faksness et al., 2004). Improved water management
in a refinery can potentially reduce the volume and cost of
raw water used in refinery operations. Furthermore, improved
water management may result in reductions in wastewater flow or
contaminant load or both. Lower flow and contaminant load may
result in lower wastewater treatment operating and maintenance
costs. Optimized water management may also reduce the mass of
contaminants in the treated effluent, thus improving the quality of
awastewater discharge and ultimately the environmental impact of
refinery’s discharge. These practices are a collection of operational
and procedural actions related to water management in a refinery
(Jacobs et al., 1992; Pitre, 1984; Fillo et al., 1992; Utvik, 2003).
Since each refinery is uniquely configured, some of these practices
may or may not be applicable based on the complexity of the
wastewater treatment operations available at a particular site,
availability of raw water sources, discharge configuration and type
of receiving water body. This manual will enable a refiner to
compare their operations with typical industry practices and
develop a plan for optimizing water management in the refinery.
The purpose of this study is to identify the various problems of
sanitary wastewater treatment system in the South Pars Gas processing
plant from both quantitative and qualitative viewpoint.
Moreover, some operational management and process modifications
made in the system were mentioned and relevant effectiveness
was discussed. Also, some techniques for pollution control are
recommended in the sanitary package.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

Inappropriate treatment Or inadequate management and wastewater sanitation has far reaching effects on the environment, these effects are the reason for the management and regulation of the southern parts Inter gas processing plant with bubbles. High solids temporary Biodegradable materials is high and low pH causes of pollution in wastewater sanitation. (Activation process) of the processing gas last check package hygiene that is foaming at the entrance of the Sump and aeration tank of the BOD (biochemical increased oxygen demand) of the vortex. Leaving the purpose of the investigation is currently (a) with a focus on performance evaluation of the activation process and the reason is pollution was from observations and results of operations in the processing gas par charged under (b). to discuss the results of these causes specifications of sewage effluent, (c) to analyze the operational management and modify the system to enable current and (d) the results suggest some techniques for. Pollution Control Plant 1. Introduction water pollution now dominate the public's concerns about water quality and ecological health of the large investments in water pollution control have helped the problem. Miles of streams will continue to be affected by a variety of pollutants that can affect the ability of the water to a useful purpose (Neff, 2002) Good water quality is necessary to comply. Environmental standards and regulations also. Spaces (public) water resources. Water economics may dictate its wastewater needs and considerations such interference, effective treatment of wastewater treatment for the removal of contaminants, hazardous (USEPA Tellez and al., 2002) in the factory. under par changes in process gas. Sanitary sewage system assumes the activation process sanitary sewage system is a mixture of water and waste, which is collected from the housing. Trade and building official , also sometimes mixed with underground and surface water can be used to treat water in irrigation. Or released into the sea directly gas wastewater treatment processes without routing wastewater sanitation (Davoudi et AL., 2014) to enable the sludge is a biological process that uses microorganisms to convert the organic components of the wastewater in cell number. much sediment is then separated from the liquid by clarification sludge repaid. Or loss of activation is generally used as a wastewater treatment process because the process is effective. And diversity and the ability to maintain a high level of (Martin 1927 , Richards 1989) , the basic principle behind all the activation process is a microbial growth. The particles clump together (Floc), these particles can be paid at the bottom of the tank, allowing relatively free liquid organic materials. And suspended solids just described Screen, mixed with different amounts of recycled liquid that contains a high proportion of creatures from clarifying tank, and it becomes a product mix, called stir. This mixture and injected a large amount of air. The oxygen And provide a solid suspension after a period of time. Cocktails flowing through the rails to permit the payment of the bacteria is removed, it paid. And some clean water on for further treatment. (Andreadakis, 1993 Palm Et al., 1980 , Walker and Davis, 1977) Many problems can be developed to implement the activation of the effluent at the heart of the activation, the sediments are developed and maintained. of activatedsludge Considered, and which can be managed (Schuyler, the 1995th Ferro dollar and Smith, two thousand and seven Khatib and Verbeek the 2002nd) review of the literature suggests that the activation of experienced operational problems since the start of Ardem and Lockett (. 1914a) observed increased water turbidity. And a decrease of the Anammox. Temperature has dropped by over the years. 1920 activation system has to deal with the outbreak of a continuous stream sediments. Comparison Suspended solids and water problems (Ardem and Lockett, 1914b) , Martin (1927) describes the quality of effluent toxicity problems. Or high organic strength industrial waste oxygen required material will bleed through the process recently J Jenkins et al. (1993) noted serious problems with bubbles in the system enable researchers have shown bio-oil. treatment plant or a waste of effective and efficient way. (Hansen and Davis 1,994th Bostick et AL., 2,002 Li et AL., 2002 Faksness et AL., 2,004th) to manage water better in refining can be reduced and the cost of raw water used in the operation. and refineries also Improved water management can result in reduced water flow. Or load contaminants or both low flow and contaminant may load negatively basic practices and maintenance costs , water management, suit may reduce the mass of contaminants in wastewater treatment is to be updated. The quality of the awastewater and environmental impacts release of refining these practices as a series of operations and procedures related to water management in refining (J. Kops et AL., 1,992th Pitre, 1 984. fillo et AL., 1 992 Utvik, the 2003rd) because each refinery is configured to be unique. These practices may Or may not be available, according to the complexity of wastewater treatment operations, the availability of raw water distribution and structure of the water body , this guide will enable the comparison operation. A common industry practices And plan to optimize water management in refining the purpose of this study is to. Identified problems of sanitary sewage system in the processing of gas-related parts of the plant from the quantitative perspective. And qualitative addition Manage and modify some of the processes in the effectiveness of such systems. And that was mentioned also. There are some techniques for pollution control Featured package sanitation.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

Improper or inadequate Treatment, Handling, and Disposal of Sanitary Wastewater Can Have Far Reaching
impacts on The Environment. These impacts are The Reasons for Management and Regulation of South
Pars Gas Plants processing. Foaming, High Suspended solids, High and Low pH are Biodegradable Material
The main causes of Pollution problems in The Sanitary Wastewater Treatment (Activated sludge Process) of
a Gas Plant processing. The recent inspection of Sanitary Treatment Package showed that significant
foaming and aeration Tank Sump Inlet has occurred in Unit As Well As The Increasing of BOD (Biochemical
Oxygen demand) of effluent Stream. The object of The Present Investigation is (a) to Focus on The Performance
Assessment of Activated sludge Process and Potential Reasons of Pollution that Have been
gained from observations and Laboratory results in South Pars Gas processing Plant (B) to Discuss The
effects of these Reasons. The specification of effluent on Wastewater, (C) to Analyze operational Management
System and modification of current Activated sludge and (D) The results from some Suggest Techniques
for Pollution Control in The Plant. 1. Introduction Water Pollution Issues now dominate public Concerns About National Water Quality and maintaining Healthy Ecosystems. Although a Large Investment in Water Pollution Control has helped Reduce The problem, many miles of Still Streams are impacted by a Variety of different pollutants. This, in turn, affects The Ability of People to Use The Water for beneficial purposes (Neff, 2 002). Good Quality Water is often Required in Order to Comply with Environmental Standards and regulations. Additionally, in areas of Limited Water Resources, Water economics dictate May The possible Reuse of Wastewater effluent. Such requirements and Considerations The efficient necessitate The Treatment of Wastewater for The Removal of hazardous Contaminants (USEPA; Tellez et AL., 2002). In South Pars Gas Process Plant, Sanitary Wastewater is Treated by Activated sludge Process. Sanitary Wastewater is a mixture of Used Water and wastes which are gathered from Residential, Commercial and Official Buildings. It also sometimes mixed with Underground and surface Water. The Treated Water Can be Used for Irrigation or discharged directly to The Sea. Gas Process Wastewater is Not routed to Sanitary Wastewater Treatment (Davoudi et AL., 2,014th). Activated sludge is a Biological Process that utilizes microorganisms to convert Organic components from Wastewater Into Cell mass. The Activated sludge is then separated from The Liquid by Clarification. The settled sludge is either returned or wasted. The Activated sludge is commonly Used As a Wastewater Treatment Process Because it is an Effective and Versatile Treatment Process and Capable of a High Degree of Treatment (Martin, 1,927th; Richard, 1989th). The Basic principle Behind all Activated sludge processes is that As microorganisms. Grow, they clump Together Form that particles. These particles (floc) are allowed to Settle to The bottom of The tank, Liquid Leaving a relatively clear and free of Organic Material Suspended solids. Described Simply, screened Wastewater is mixed with varying amounts of recycled Liquid containing a High Proportion of organisms Clarifying Taken from a tank, and it Becomes a product Liquor Called mixed. This mixture is stirred and injected with Large quantities of Air, to provide Oxygen and Keep solids in suspension. After a period of time, mixed Liquor flows to a clarifier Where it is allowed to Settle. A Portion of The bacteria is removed As it settles, and The partially cleaned Water flows on for Further Treatment (Andreadakis, 1993; Palm et AL., 1980; Walker and Davis, 1977). Many problems Can Develop in Activated sludge operation that adversely. affect effluent quality. The Real Heart of The Activated sludge System is The Development and maintenance of Activatedsludge that Treats Wastewater and which Can be managed (Schuyler, 1995; Dal Ferro and Smith, 2007; Khatib and Verbeek, 2,002). Review of The literature Shows that The Activated. Process sludge has experienced operational problems since ITS beginning. Ardem and Lockett (1914a) did note increased Turbidity and reduced nitrification with reduced temperatures. The Early 1920s by Continuous Flow Systems had to Deal with The Scourge of Activated sludge, and effluent Suspended solids bulking problems (Ardem and Lockett, 1914b). Also, Martin (1927) describes effluent Quality problems Due to Toxic and / or High strength Industrial Organic wastes. Oxygen demanding materials would Bleed Through The Process. More recently, Jenkins et al. (1993) discussed severe foaming problems in Activated sludge Systems. Many researchers Have shown Biological Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater compounds or some ITS to be Effective and efficient methods (Hansen and Davies, 1994; Bostick et AL., 2002; Li et AL. , 2002; Faksness et al., 2004). Improved Water Management in a potentially Refinery Can Reduce The Cost and volume of RAW Water Used in Refinery Operations. Furthermore, improved Water Management May Result in reductions in Wastewater Flow or Contaminant load or Both. Lower Flow and Contaminant load May Result in Lower Wastewater Treatment operating and maintenance costs. Optimized Water Management also May Reduce The mass of Contaminants in The Treated effluent, thus improving The Quality of discharge and ultimately awastewater The Environmental Impact of Refinery's discharge. These Practices are a Collection of operational and procedural Actions Related to Water Management in a Refinery (Jacobs et AL., one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two; Pitre, 1984th; Fillo et AL., 1992; Utvik, two thousand and three). Since each Refinery is Uniquely configured, some of. these Practices May or May Not be applicable based on The Complexity of The Wastewater Treatment Operations Available at a particular Site, availability of RAW Water Sources, discharge configuration and type of receiving Water Body. This Manual Will Enable a refiner to Compare their Operations with Typical Industry Practices and Develop a Plan for Optimizing Water Management in The Refinery. The purpose of this Study is to Identify The Various problems of Sanitary Wastewater Treatment System in The South Pars Gas processing Plant from. Both quantitative and qualitative Viewpoint. Moreover, some operational modifications Management and Process System were mentioned and relevant Made in The effectiveness was discussed. Also, some Techniques for Pollution Control are Recommended in The Sanitary Package.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

Improper or inadequate Treatment, Handling, and Disposal of Sanitary Wastewater Can Have Far Reaching
impacts on The Environment. These impacts are The Reasons for Management and Regulation of South
Pars Gas processing Plants. Foaming, High Suspended solids, High Biodegradable Material and Low pH are.
The main cause of pollution in wastewater sanitation (ACTA process Potential Unlimited sludge. )
gas processing plant. Recent investigations of treatment showed significant toilets
foams occur in ponds, tanks, aeration of the unit as well as increased BOD (biological oxygen demand, biochemical
) of water that reaches the object of the investigation is currently (a). to focus on performance
evaluation of sewage sludge process and the potential of pollution that has been
obtained from observations and laboratory results in the South Pars gas processing plant (B) to discuss the results of the reason. These are the properties of water, waste water (C) Analysis Operations management and modification of the current system and the sediment (d) The effect of feedback techniques
for pollution control in the factory one. Introduction water pollution problems now dominate public concern about water quality and preserve the ecology of even healthy. Large investments in pollution control and help reduce the






number of miles of streams will continue to be affected by
a variety of pollutants, this will affect the ability of
the water to a useful purpose (Nevada. Ford, 2002), improved water quality
is often required to ensure compliance with environmental standards
and regulations also in areas of limited resources, water
, economics, water may dictate the possible use of
Wastewater effluent. Such requirements and Considerations
necessitate The efficient. Treatment of The Wastewater for The
Removal of hazardous Contaminants (USEPA; Tellez et AL., 2 002).
In South Pars Gas Process Plant, Sanitary Wastewater is Treated
by Activated sludge Process. Sanitary Wastewater is a mixture of
Used Water and wastes which are gathered. from residential, commercial
and official buildings. Also, sometimes mixed with soil
and surface water. Water can be used for irrigation Or sent
directly to the
waste water process gas is not the way to treat wastewater sanitation (Davoudi et AL.,
2 014) sewage sludge is a biological process that uses microorganisms
to convert the organic components of the wastewater in
cell mass of the residue. Sewage sludge is separated from the liquid by
exponentially. The sludge is returned to Or waste
sludge at the wastewater treatment process because it is a powerful and versatile and treatment process that is capable of maintaining a high level (Martin 2470; Richards , 1989). The basic principle behind all of wastewater is




a microorganism growth. They form the particles clump together,
these particles (the lock) is allowed to fall to the bottom of the tank
out quite liquid crystal free of organic material and suspended
solids simple explanation is mixed with water from
the amount of recycling. A high proportion of liquid
from the tank to shoot at a briefing. And it becomes a
product called cocktails. This mixture is stirred And then inject
a large amount of air to provide oxygen and solids in
suspension. After a period Cocktails flowing into the reservoir water
is allowed to manage. The bacteria are removed, as
it is built. And some clean water in the next treatment
(andreadakis, 1993; Palm et al., 1980; Walker and
Davis, 1977).
Many problems Can Develop in Activated sludge operation that
adversely affect effluent Quality. The Real Heart of The Activated
sludge System is The Development and maintenance of Activatedsludge that Treats Wastewater and which Can be managed
(Schuyler,. 1 995; Dal Ferro and Smith, 2,007th; Khatib and Verbeek,
the 2,002th).
Review of The literature Shows that The Activated sludge Process
experienced operational problems from the start ardem
and Lockett (1914a) has to increase and decrease the volume. turbidity,
temperature reduction By the early 1920s,
the system will handle the destruction of
the sewage sludge suspended solids (problems and ardem
Lockett, 1914b) In addition, Martin (1927) describes
water quality problems. caused by toxic and / or industrial-strength organic
wastes. Needs oxygen to seep through the material
process recently Jenkins et al (1993) discussed the severe problems
foam in sewage sludge. Systems
, many researchers have shown biological treatment of petroleum refining
or compounds of the wastewater to be effective and how efficient and
(Hansen Davies, 1994; Bostick et AL.,
2 002; Li et AL.,. the 2002nd; Faksness et AL., two thousand and four). Improved Water Management
in a Refinery Can potentially Reduce The volume and Cost of
RAW Water Used in Refinery Operations. Furthermore, improved
Water Management May Result in reductions in Wastewater Flow or
Contaminant load or Both. Lower. Flow and Contaminant load May
Result in Lower Wastewater Treatment operating and maintenance
costs. Optimized Water Management May also Reduce The mass of
Contaminants in The Treated effluent, thus improving The Quality of
awastewater discharge and ultimately The Environmental Impact of
Refinery's discharge. These Practices are a. Collection of operational
and procedural Actions Related to Water Management in a Refinery
(Jacobs et AL., one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two; Pitre, in 1984; Fillo et AL., 1,992th; Utvik, 2003).
Since each Refinery is Uniquely configured, some of these Practices
May or. May Not be applicable based on The Complexity of The
Wastewater Treatment Operations Available at a particular Site,
availability of RAW Water Sources, discharge configuration and type
of receiving Water Body. This Manual Will Enable a refiner to
compare the performance of them with. practice Industry and
develop a plan for increasing the efficiency of water management in the refinery,
the purpose of this study. To study the problems of sanitary sewage system
in the South Pars processing
of both quantitative gas plant. And qualitative perspective,
the operational management and process modifications
were mentioned and relevant System Made in The effectiveness
was discussed. Also, some Techniques for Pollution Control are
Recommended in The Sanitary Package.